Fuertes lluvias dejan en evidencia necesidad de proteger humedales

“VIMOS QUE EL AGUA RETOMÓ SU CAUCE. SE TRATA DE UNA ZONA DE RIESGO PARA CONSTRUIR PORQUE NATURALMENTE LOS RÍOS VAN A VOLVER”Enrique Cruz, Director Ejecutivo Forecos, Red Ciudadana por los Humedales.
  • Humedal Santo Domingo, Viernes 3 Agosto Foto. E. Cruz

    Humedal Santo Domingo, Lunes 6 Agosto. Foto. E. Cruz

Por: Claudia Muñoz DavidDiario Austral Valdivia

El viernes 3 de agosto el director ejecutivo de Fundación Forecos, Enrique Cruz, hizo un recorrido por los humedales de la comuna de Valdivia para fotografiar diferentes puntos de interés y comenzar un registro formal. Su idea era volver cada dos o tres meses para fotografiar esos mismo lugares y registrar si existían cambios, por ejemplo, más zonas con rellenos.

No tuvo que esperar mucho. Tres días después fue hasta esos sitios y captó los efectos que las intensas lluvias habían producido. Lo que vio en los humedales de Santo Domingo, ubicados en la salida sur de Valdivia, fue revelador. Cruz relató: “Vimos que el agua retomó su cauce. Se trata de una zona de riesgo para construir porque naturalmente los ríos van a volver, y esto se lo hemos dicho muchas veces a la autoridad. Comprobamos lo que todo el mundo ya sabía, pero ahora lo pudimos demostrar. Hay que recordar que eventos como el del fin de semana -con más de 200 milímetros de lluvia- van a ocurrir regularmente en este contexto de cambio climático. También hay que recordar que será en esos momentos cuando los humedales cumplan su función, por eso necesitan protección”.

SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS

Durante los días de lluvia y de noticias sobre inundaciones muchos tuiteros aseguraron: “Ven. Eso pasa

porque están rellenando los humedales”. Y el director del Centro de Humedales Río Cruces de la Uach, Ignacio Rodríguez, aseguró que “no están equivocados”. Explicó que “mientras más se rellene y más se impermeabilice la superficie, mayor será la probabilidad de que nos inundemos”.

¿Por qué ocurre esto? Rodríguez destacó que una de las principales características de los humedales es su capacidad para administrar el agua. “Los humedales son suelos que han evolucionado para retener gran cantidad de agua, pero también tienen la capacidad de ir distribuyéndola de a poco, por ejemplo, liberándola en el verano. El mantenimiento de los humedales siempre va a beneficiar la capacidad de infiltración del agua hacia las napas subterráneas”, explicó.

Lo contrario a esto es contar con pavimento impermeable, en el que cae el agua, se desliza y escurre inmediatamente. “La pregunta del millón es ¿Qué conviene más? ¿Gastar mucho dinero en canalizar las aguas lluvias o mantener los sistemas de humedales que hacen ese trabajo por sí solos? Ellos dan este servicio gratuito, pero no lo valoramos. Construir un colector de aguas lluvias cuesta mucho, mientras que mantener un humedal quizás sería más barato si tenemos una buena planificación, no solo porque no hay que invertir en infraestructura gris, sino que también porque este servicios puede ser usado para otras cosas. No vas a hacer un picnic o una actividad de avistamiento de aves en un colector de aguas lluvias”, expresó.

Pero además de eso, explicó que los humedales generan otras servicios que benefician al medioambiente. La contaminación que está en el asfalto y que llega al humedal tras las lluvias puede ser degradada por las plantas y bacterias que ahí habitan, transformándola en agua limpia. Mientras que de forma artificial se necesitaría un colector y una planta de tratamiento, por separado.

¿QUÉ HACER?

Para los expertos, las inundaciones del fin de semana representan una oportunidad. El director del Centro de Humedales Río Cruces, Ignacio Rodríguez, indicó que “la mejor lección que podemos sacar es que el cambio climático es una realidad, con lluvias de mucha intensidad en muy corto tiempo. Necesitamos imperativamente sentarnos a planificar el territorio de Valdivia y también de la ruralidad. Es complejo, porque muchos son terrenos privados, pero hay un beneficio superior para el bien común”.

Enrique Cruz, de Forecos, destacó que desde 2016 han estado denunciando los rellenos de humedales. “Hemos denunciado intervenciones en el sector del Humedal Cotapos, en la Isla Teja. También en el sector de Santo Domingo, sector que está a la vista de todos los valdivianos y donde se está formando un área urbana ilegal. La voz de alerta ya partió, pero nos preocupa que cada vez hay más rellenos. Parece que mientras más ruido hacemos más construcciones aparecen. Tal vez la gente se apura antes de que existan consecuencias”, dijo. Para él, una de las soluciones se encuentra relacionada con la legislación. “Lo ideal sería llegar a una Ley de Protección de Humedales, que no solo involucre los urbanos, sino que también los rurales. En Valdivia están en peligro los de Cabo Blanco, Santo Domingo, Santa Elvira y varios en el camino a Niebla. Por eso se necesita una ley que permitiera proteger los humedales que no están en una categoría de conservación, sino que todos los que generan servicios ecosistémicos”, explicó.

Sin embargo, mientras esto ocurre indicó que se debe apelar a la conciencia de la gente. “El llamado es a que cada uno cuide los humedales. Primero, no contaminándolos, ya que al arrojar basura se invisibiliza su valor. En él habitan anfibios, aves, pero cuando lo ensucian se degrada, llegan ratones y se genera una acción negativa hacia el humedal. También es importante no comprar en sectores que hayan sido rellenados o que estén en proceso, porque hay que evitar el mercado. Por otro lado, si tienes desechos que eliminar, no es bueno pedirle a cualquier persona que se deshaga de ellos, porque uno no sabe dónde van a terminar y la mayoría queda en el humedal más próximo”, dijo.


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